For this purpose, we precompute a three-dimensional distance map, which gives a measure of the distance between points in space and the displaced surface. We treat displacement mapping as a ray-tracing problem, beginning with texture coordinates on the base surface and calculating texture coordinates where the viewing ray intersects the displaced surface. In this chapter, we present distance mapping, a technique for adding small-scale displacement mapping to objects in a pixel shader. Per-Pixel Displacement Mapping with Distance Functions
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